I am still confused with referencing? What should I do?
Ask for help! If you are not sure what to do, you should contact your lecturer or your Campus library for assistance. We are able to conduct group training sessions in the library by arrangement.
You can also do our Self-paced Referencing course.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed)
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. With millions of copies sold worldwide in multiple languages, it is the style manual of choice for writers, researchers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioral sciences, natural sciences, nursing, communications, education, business, engineering, and other fields. Known for its authoritative, easy-to-use reference and citation system, the Publication Manual also offers guidance on choosing the headings, tables, figures, language, and tone that will result in powerful, concise, and elegant scholarly communication. It guides users through the scholarly writing process--from the ethics of authorship to reporting research through publication. The seventh edition is an indispensable resource for students and professionals to achieve excellence in writing and make an impact with their work. The seventh edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect best practices in scholarly writing and publishing. All formats are in full color, with a new tabbed spiral version Improved ease of navigation, with many additional numbered sections to help users quickly locate answers to their questions Resources for students on writing and formatting annotated bibliographies, response papers, and other paper types as well as guidelines on citing course materials Dedicated chapter for new users of APA Style covering paper elements and format, including sample papers for both professional authors and student writers New chapter on journal article reporting standards that includes updates to reporting standards for quantitative research and the first-ever qualitative and mixed methods reporting standards in APA Style New chapter on bias-free language guidelines for writing about people with respect and inclusivity in areas including age, disability, gender, participation in research, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality More than 100 new reference examples covering periodicals, books, audiovisual media, social media, webpages and websites, and legal resources More than 40 new sample tables and figures Expanded guidance on ethical writing and publishing practices, including how to ensure the appropriate level of citation, avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism, and navigate the publication process Guidelines that support accessibility for all users, including simplified reference, in-text citation, and heading formats as well as additional font options
The other place to look for bibliographic information for referencing is the library's catalogue - Supersearch. Alternatively, you can search the National Library of Australia catalogue (called Trove), or ask at your Campus Library for assistance.
What is plagiarism?
Copying or paraphrasing the words of others without acknowledging correct ownership is called plagiarism. The solution is learning to correctly reference what you have copied within your report or essay. Remember that quotes should be used sparingly.
To avoid plagiarism, take careful notes as you do your research/gather information to keep track of sources. Use your own words as much as possible and get someone to proof-read your work to check for grammar, sentence structure, spelling, etc.
When do I reference?
What is the difference between a reference list and a bibliography?
A Bibliography is listed after the Reference List if your lecturer requires this. This list refers to all the resources read in preparation of your assignment.
A Reference List refers to resources you have read and used/referenced/cited in your assignment.
How many sources should I have in my assignment?
The number of sources you reference in your work will vary, depending on your lecturer and the type of assignment. Aim to cite/reference one or two sources for each key point in your assignment.
Can I copy/quote several paragraphs from the internet, place them in quotation marks and reference them in my assignment?
When do I italicise a title?
Using italics can be confusing. Generally, you should italicise the title of the work you are referencing.
Key to remember is that where there are two titles in the reference (e.g. a journal title and an article title, or a book title and a book chapter title), you must italicise the title of the main component (i.e. he journal title or book title). See the example reference types in the above tabs for examples.
Do I reference within PowerPoint presentations?
Yes. You should reference within PowerPoint presentations. This is the same as referencing within reports and essays.
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumerical string which provides a permanent unique link directly to an item on the internet.
When a DOI is used, no further retrieval information is needed to identify or locate the content. Where available, the DOI should be included in your reference list.
An example of a journal citation with a DOI is as follows:
Hailikari, T., Katajavuori, N., & Asikainen, H. (2021). Understanding procrastination: A case of a study skills course.
Social Psychology of Education, 24(2): 589-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-021-09621-2
Not all digital resources come with a DOI. If the DOI is not available, you should provide the URL information in the reference.
Short Quote : Information copied word-for-word from another author's work, being less than 40 words in length.
Long Quote : Information copied word-for-word from another author's work, being more than 40 words in length.
Paraphrasing : Expressing another author's ideas in your own words.
In-text Citation : A reference that is listed within your document, referring to an entry in your Reference List. The In-text citation identifies the source of the information you are using in your document.
End-text Reference : A reference that is listed at the conclusion of your work, in the Reference List.
Reference List : A list of all the references you have used in your document, and which you have cited using an in-text citation.
Plagiarism : Copying another author's words or ideas with acknowledging them.
DOI : Digital Object Identifier, a unique internet address, used to identify a specific digital thing (like an electronic article).
Referencing System : A group of rules and principles used to acknowledge the contribution of other authors that have directly influenced your work.
