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Generally, you would reference/cite whenever you include any of the following within your report / essay:
A direct quotation is when you are quoting directly from another source word for word.
Quotations are usually used for definitions and shouldn't be used too often.
For example:
... children are very adaptable. However, "it is no surprise that we are much better at recognising negative signals than positive ones" (Smith, 2011, p.36).
For example:
Governments have occasionally produced reports on:
The merits of privatization, incorporating 'expert' assessments of
likely sale and retention values. This is progress, of a kind. It does,
after all, provide the community with opportunities to scrunitize major
proposals for assets sales - opportunities long available in the
private sector. (Walker, 2010, p.140)
An indirect quotation is when you are summarising or paraphrasing information from another source.
Clip Art sourced from Microsoft.
When compiling assignments, it is likely that students will obtain information from a variety of information sources. While students need to reference any ideas or opinions that are not their own in their written work, the exception is the use of common knowledge or information of a general nature. Common knowledge includes facts that are well known within the community in which they are used; they do not need to be cited.
The concept of common knowledge can be confusing for some students. So when in doubt, it is better to cite/reference it.
Examples of common knowledge include:
The Modern Olympic Games were first held in Athens.
The sky is blue.
World War 1 began in 1914.
In addition, you do not have to cite/reference when what you have written is in your own words.