Note: Aliases (Screen names) may be used in place of the Author Surname
Blog Post
Reference list entry
Author Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Month Day of post). Title of blog post. Blog Name in italics. URL
This American Life. (2018, December 28). The room of requirement. This American Life. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/664/the-room-of-requirement
In-text citation
(Author Surname, Year)
(This American Life, 2018)
Blog Comment
Reference list entry
Author Surname, Initial(s). (Year, Month Day of comment). Re: Original Blog Post. URL
Andrewp3. (2016, March 12). Re: A warming earth is making it harder to study Mars.
https://www.wired.com/2016/12/warming-earth-making-harder-study-mars/
In-text citation
(Author Surname,Year of Post, para. no)
..."wish we knew whether or not Mars is lifeless...." (Andrewp3, 2016, para. 7).
Note: Title is not italicised
Private Facebook posts are treated as Personal Communication (see "Other Sources" tab) but Public Facebook pages require references.
Note: Aliases (Screen names) may be used in place of the Author's Surname
Reference list entry
Author Surname, Initial(s). or Organisation [username]. (Year). Content of the post up to the first 20 words in italics [Description]. Site Name. Retrieved Month Day, Year from URL
Gaiman, N. (2019). Stories are an essential part of who we are. They can tell us more about ourselves and our world that anything else can [Video]. Facebook. Retrieved January 30, 2019 from https://www.facebook.com/neilgaiman/videos/210894339761745
Note: Titles are italicised. Delete the rest of the web address after the number string.
In-text citation
(Author Name, Year)
(Gaiman, 2019)
Reference list entry
Author, A.A. [@username]. (Year, Month Day). Title post in italics [Description]. Site Name. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
In-text citation
(Name, Year of post)
Or
Name (Year of post)
Note: For Title - Content of the post up to the first 20 words.
Four Examples of Referencing Instagram:
Instagram Photo
North Metropolitan TAFE [@northmetrotafe]. (2024, December 12). Our new Balga Construction Skills Innovation Hub is ready to welcome students in Term 1, 2025! The new $51 million [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/DDeIuAIvI7W/?img_index=1
In-text citation
(North Metropolitan TAFE, 2024)
Or
North Metropolitan TAFE (2024)
Instagram Video
North Metropolitan TAFE [@northmetrotafe]. (2025, April 10). Did someone say glow up? Welcome to our new hairdressing salon at our Balga campus! [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/northmetrotafe/reel/DIQrgVyTjHe/
In-text citation
(North Metropolitan TAFE, 2025)
Or
North Metropolitan TAFE (2025)
North Metropolitan TAFE [@northmetrotafe]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved October 31, 2025, from https://www.instagram.com/northmetrotafe/reels/
In-text citation
(North Metropolitan TAFE, n.d.)
Or
North Metropolitan TAFE (n.d.)
Note: Provide a retrieval date because the contents of the page can change over time.
North Metropolitan TAFE [@northmetrotafe]. (n.d.). Student stories [Highlight]. Instagram. Retrieved October 31, 2025, from https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/18183704398088960/
In-text citation
(North Metropolitan TAFE, n.d.)
Or
North Metropolitan TAFE (n.d.)
Note: Use "n.d." for the date; although each story within a highlight is dated, the highlight itself is not dated and may include stories from multiple dates.
LinkedIn profile or page
Reference list entry
Author Surname, Initial(s). or Organisation [username]. (Year). Title of page in italics [Description]. Source. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Australian Bureau of Statistics. Home [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved May 15, 2024, from https://www.linkedin.com/company/absstats/
LinkedIn post
Reference list entry
Author Surname, Initial(s). or Organisation [Username]. (year, Month day posted). Content of the post up to the first 20 words in italics [Description]. Source. URL
Johnson, J. (2024, May 14). In the ever-expanding domain of healthcare, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a vital ally in the field of mental health [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn, Retrieved May 14, 2024, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ai-mental-health-revolutionizing-therapeutic-jeremiah-johnson-aoqze/?trackingId=SRu1VZRJTvemogP1ye1%2BKA%3D%3D
In-text citation
(Author Surname, Year).
(Johnson, 2024)
Or
Author Surname (Year) posts about...
Johnson (2024) posts about ...
For online forum posts, use both the author's real name and their screen name in brackets. If their real name is not known use the screen name without the bracket.
Reference list entry
Author Surname. Initial. [screen name]. (Year, Month Day of Post), Title of the post, up to the first 20 words [Online forum post]. Site name. URL
theluckyfrog. (2024, April 10). Portugal heat wave pushing thermometers to 30°C [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/news/comments/1c01pbd/portugal_heat_wave_pushing_thermometers_to_30%C2%BAc/
In-text citation
(Author name, Year)
Author name (Year)
(theluckyfrog, 2024)
Or
theluckyfrog (2024)
Reference list entry
Creator. (Year). Title of software or Program (Version number) [Mobile app]. Publisher Name or App Store. URL
Skyscape. (2013). Skyscape medical resources (Version 1.17.42) [Mobile app]. App Store. https://itunes.apple.com
In-text citation
(Creator, Year)
(Skyscape, 2013)
Note: Aliases (Screen names) may be used in place of the Author Surname
Reference list entry
Author Surname, Initial [@username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of post [Tweet]. Site Name. URL
Reuters Top News [@ Reuters]. (2016, November 1). Inside David Bowie's art collection [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/i/moments/79357609028915200
In-text citation
(Author Surname, Year) OR Author Surname (Year)
(Reuters Top News, 2016) OR Reuters Top News (2016)...
Note: Title (in italics). Use the content of the Tweet up to the first 20 words.