Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. or Corporate Author. (Year). Title of page. http://xxxx
Diabetes WA. (2019). What's your risk? https://diabeteswa.com.au/whats-your-risk/
In-text
(Author Surname or Corporate Author, Year)
(Diabetes WA, 2019)
Referring to more than one work by the same author in the same year: If there is more than one work by the same author, the end-text references are to be listed in date order. If the author has more than one work in the one year, use lower case letters of the alphabet.
Reference List
Diabetes WA. (2019a). What's your risk? https://diabeteswa.com.au/whats-your-risk/
Diabetes WA. (2019b). What is blood glucose? https://diabeteswa.com.au/manage-your-diabetes/monitoring-blood-glucose/what-is-blood-glucose/
In-text
(Diabetes WA, 2019a)
(Diabetes WA, 2019b)
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. or Corporate Author. (n.d.). Title of page. http://xxxx
The Kidney Foundation of Canada. (n.d.). Early detection and prevention. https://www.kidney.ca/page.aspx?pid=332
In-text
(Author Surname or Corporate Author, Year)
(The Kidney Foundation of Canada, n.d.)
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. or Corporate Author. (Year). Title of page. http://xxxx
Council of the Ageing. (2013). This is our space: Ageing with disability.
https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/04_2013/cota_handbook_-_changes_to_indesign_files_final_web.pdf
In-text
(Author Surname or Corporate Author, Year)
(Council of the Ageing, 2013)
Reference List
Note: When an online reference work is constantly updated and is not archived, use n.d. as the year of publication and include a full retrieval date.
Corporate Author (Year) Entry Title. In Website title. http://xxxx
Merriam-Webster (n.d.) Diabetes.In Merriam-Webster.com online dictionary. Retrieved January 24, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diabetes#medicalDictionary
In-text
(Corporate Author, Year)
(Merriam-Webster, n.d.)
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of article. In Editor/s Initial. Editor/s Surname (Ed.), Title of Encyclopedia. http://xxxx
Hurthouse, R., & Pettigrove, G. (2016). Virtue ethics. In E. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-virtue/
In-text
(Author Surname & Author Surname, Year)
(Hurthouse & Pettigrove, 2016)
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. or Corporate author. (Year). Title of Image [Image]. http://xxxx
Mapswire. (2018). Physical Map of Australia [Image]. https://mapswire.com/australia/physical-maps/
In-text
(Author Surname or Corporate Author, Year)
Place near image (underneath if possible)
(Mapswire, 2018)
Note: Check with your lecturer to see if they require Blackboard to be added to the Reference List. If they don't require it then treat it as Personal Communication (see "Other Sources" tab).
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. or Corporate Author. (Year). Title of page: Unit code. Blackboard. http://xxxx
North Metropolitan TAFE. (2019). Session 11 – Research and clinical practice; media and implementation: CHCPRP0L003 [PowerPoint slides]. Blackboard. https://blackboard.northmetrotafe.wa.edu.au/
Note: Add [PowerPoint slides] in square brackets after title if appropriate.
In-text
(Author Surname or Corporate Author, Year)
(North Metropolitan TAFE, 2019)
Note: Aliases (Screen names) may be used in place of the Author Surname
Blog Post
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day of post). Title of post. http://xxxx
This American Life. (2018, December 28). The room of requirement. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/664/the-room-of-requirement
In-text
(Author Surname, Year)
(This American Life, 2018)
Blog Comment
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Day of comment). Re: Original Blog Post. http://xxxx
Andrewp3. (2016, March 12). Re: A warming earth is making it harder to study Mars.
https://www.wired.com/2016/12/warming-earth-making-harder-study-mars/
In-text
(Author Surname,Year of Post, para. no.)
..."wish we knew whether or not Mars is lifeless...." (Andrewp3, 2016, para 7.).
Note: Title is not italicised
Note: Aliases (Screen names) may be used in place of the Author Surname
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. (Producer). (Year, Month Day). Title of podcast [Audio podcast]. http://xxxx
Rissian, L.C. (Producer). (2012, May 4). Twelve parsecs [Audio podcast]. http://itunes.apple.com
In-text
(Author Surname, Year)
(Rissian, 2012)
Note: Aliases (Screen names) may be used in place of the Author Surname
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial [Author's screen name]. (Year, Month Day). Title of post [Tweet]. http://xxxx
Reuters Top News. (2016, November 1). Inside David Bowie's art collection [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/i/moments/79357609028915200
In-text
(Author Surname, Year) OR Author Surname (Year)
(Reuters Top News, 2016) OR Reuters Top News (2016)...
Note: Title is not italicised
Note: Aliases (Screen names) may be used in place of the Author Surname
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial. or Corporate Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of page [Video]. http://xxxx
Headspace Australia. (2018, October 1). Tips for good mental health [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7634-yFjurA
Private Facebook posts are treated as Personal Communication (see "Other Sources" tab) but Public Facebook pages require references.
Note: Aliases (Screen names) may be used in place of the Author Surname
Reference List
Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of comment or first 40 words of post [Facebook]. http://xxxx
Neil Gaiman. (2019, January 30). Stories are an essential part of who we are. They can tell us more about ourselves and our world that anything else can. In my masterclass, I’ll show you how the best fiction helps you find your own truth: how [Facebook status update]. https://www.facebook.com/neilgaiman/videos/210894339761745
Note: Delete the rest of the web address after the number string.
Note: Titles are not italicised
In-text
(Author Name, Year)
(Neil Gaiman, 2019)
Reference List
Name [Instagram username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of post [Instagram]. http://xxxx
APA Style [@officialapastyle]. (2018, December 5). Welcome to the official Instagram for #APAStyle! We’re here to help you with your APA Style questions [Instagram]. https://www.instagram.com/p/Bq-A-dvBLiH/
Note: Titles are not italicised
In-text
(Name, Year of post) OR Name (Year of post)
(APA Style, 2018) OR APA Style (2018)...
APA Style 2018
Reference List
Creator. (Year). Title of software or Program (Version number) [Mobile application software]. http://xxxx
Skyscape. (2013). Skyscape medical resources (Version 1.17.42) [Mobile application software]. https://itunes.apple.com
In-text
(Creator, Year)
(Skyscape, 2013)
Cochrane Library does not have a built-in citation generator. You may use the following template for citing articles found using this database. To find the issue and page ranges, you will need to view the PDF (click PDF and then Full PDF on the left).
Reference List
Author Last Name, Author Initials. (Date). Title of article. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. DOI
Sample APA Citations for the Cochrane Database
Chunhu Shi, Dumville, J., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S., McInnes, E., En Lin Goh, Norman, G., (2021). Beds, overlays and mattresses for preventing and treating pressure ulcers: an overview of Cochrane Reviews and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013761.pub2
Chunhu Shi, Dumville, J., Cullum, N., Rhodes, S., McInnes, E., En Lin Goh, Norman, G., (2021). Foam surfaces for preventing pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013621.pub2
Gillespie, B.M., Walker R.M., Latimer, S.L., Thalib, L., Whitty, J.A., McInnes, E., Chaboyer, W.P. (2020). Repositioning for pressure injury prevention in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009958.pub3
Remember Best Practice is to reference from the main source documents - if there is a link from Cochrane out to PubMed and PubMed has the citation for this document then go with that citation. You can always mention that the Systematic Review or Randomised Control Trial is also published in the Cochrane Library. For example - The link below will take you to the Cochrane page for the article see if you can find the link to PubMed and then find the APA citation tool. If you need help with this contact the library.
Association of a Perioperative Multicomponent Fall Prevention Intervention With Falls and Quality of Life After Elective Inpatient Surgical Procedures. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/doi/10.1002/central/CN-02386565/full
The PubMed APA reference for this article is:
Fritz, B. A., King, C. R., Mehta, D., Somerville, E., Kronzer, A., Ben Abdallah, A., Wildes, T., Avidan, M. S., Lenze, E. J., Stark, S., & ENGAGES Research Group (2022). Association of a Perioperative Multicomponent Fall Prevention Intervention With Falls and Quality of Life After Elective Inpatient Surgical Procedures. JAMA network open, 5(3), e221938. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.1938
Some assessments do not permit the use of ChatGPT or other generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools.
Confirm with your course lecturer what is permitted for a specific assessment prior to commencing.
Note: It is likely that the Information about using and referencing ChatGPT and other generative AI tools in assignments and publications will continue to be updated. We recommend checking this page regularly to keep up with any changes
For many referencing styles there are no specific guidelines for citing ChatGPT or other generative AI. We recommend that you base the reference for generative AI content on the reference style for personal communication.
In-text citation:
(Communicator, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
(Paraphrase from OpenAI's ChatGPT AI language model, personal communication, February 7, 2023).
Personal Communications are not included in the Reference List, as these sources do not provide recoverable data. See the "Other Sources" tab for more information on Personal Communications.