Guides: APA Quick Referencing: End-Text Rules

Parts of an End-Text Reference

You Tube Clip

Remember the 4 W's - Who? When? What? Where?

Book	Magazine or Journal Article
Who wrote or edited the book - author or editor When it was written - year What it is - title of book Who produced it - publisher's name	Who wrote the article - author When it was written - year What it is - title of article and name of journal or magazine Where the article is located - volume, issue and page numbers
Webpage	DVD
Who created the website - author or sponsor or organisation When it was created or updated - year What it is - title of webpage Where you located it - URL or web address	Who created the DVD - producer or director When it was created - year What it is - title of DVD and medium Who produced it - name of publisher or distributor

General Rules for End-Text References

Rules for your Reference List:

	List references in alphabetical order by the name of the author, editor, sponsor
	Where there is no author, use the title
	Use italics (if word processed) or underlining (if hand written) to indicate titles
	Separate each element of the citation with a full stop
	Second and subsequent lines of a citation should be indented 5 spaces

Sample Reference List

References

Baker, C. (2004). Western Australia: Short stay guide. Little Hills Press.

Chau, R. (2007). Perth and Western Australia. Lonely Planet.

Fremlin, B. (1986). A wild heritage of Western Australia. St Georges Books.

Kirwan, J. H. (2008).Quokka [Image]. https://www.flickr.com/photos/johk/3234925638/

O’Brien, K., & Swaffer, A. (2005). West Coast Australia. Footprint.

Rottnest Island Authority. (n.d.). Quokkas. https://v1235.vividcluster2.crox.net.au/about/flora-and-fauna/quokkas

Image

HINT!

Titles of books, magazines, journals, newspapers, webpages and DVDs should be placed in italics (if word processed) or underlined (if hand written).

Format Descriptions

The format description is placed in square brackets after the title and is used for the following sources:

[Audio podcast]
[Brochure]
[CD]
[Digital video]
[DVD]
[Image]
[Lecture notes]
[PowerPoint presentation]
[Television series]
[Video]

Reminder!

When citing the publisher of a book, do not include terms such as Publishers, Co. or Inc.

Instead, provide the information as briefly as possible.
Image courtesy S. Miles freedigitalphotos.net

HINT!

To create a hanging indent in Word, highlight the text and press Ctrl + T.