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APA Referencing: Audiovisual Media

This Guide will help you to correctly reference your assignments using the APA style.

Audiovisual Media

Audiovisual media includes films; audio or television broadcasts including podcasts; videos and streaming videos.

AV Media Examples

In-Text

(Director Surname, Production Year) OR (Director Surname, Production Year, Time stamp)

(Scott, 2018) OR (Scott, 2018, 1:10:30)

Note:

  • If you are quoting from an audiovisual work, include the time stamp for the point where your quotation begins. i.e. hour:minute:second

 

Reference List

Director Surname, Initial/s. (Director). (Production Year). Title [Film]. Production Company or Companies.

Scott, C. (Director). (2018). Backtrack boys [Film]. Infinity Pictures.

 

McAuliffe, M. (Executive Producer). (2003). Social and ethical issues in IT [Film; educational DVD]. Video Education Australasia.

Note:

  • The director should be credited as the author. If the director is not known, the name of someone in a similar role can be used instead.
  • There is no need to specify how you watched a film (e.g., DVD, TV) unless a special edition or a limited release educational DVD.
  • Provide the production company/companies in the source information. Separate each with a semi-colon.

In-Text

(Author Surname, Year)

(Williams, 2011)

 

Reference List

Host Surname, Initial/s.  (Role). (Year, Month Day). Episode title (Episode number if known) [Podcast type]. In Podcast Title. Site name. URL

Williams, R. (Presenter). (2011, November 5). Child psychology inspires dance [Audio podcast episode]. In The science show. ABC Radio National. https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceshow/child-psychology-inspires-dance/3632024

Note:

  • List the podcast host or presenter as the author. Include the role in brackets after their name.
  • Include the specific date for the episode.
  • Indicate the type of podcast in square brackets after the title. e.g. [Audio podcast], [Video podcast]
  • Provide the URL if known. If accessed via an App, do not include the URL.

SAFETYHUB

In-Text

(Corporate Author, Production Year) OR (Corporate Author, Production year, Time Stamp)

(Safetycare Australia, n.d.) OR (Safetycare Australia, n.d., 07:14)

Note: 

  • If you are quoting from an audiovisual work, include the time stamp for the point where your quotation begins. i.e. hour:minute:second

 

Reference List

Corporate Author. (Production Year). Title [Video]. Site Name. URL

Safetycare Australia. (n.d.). Environmental awareness [Video]. Safetyhub. https://crtafe-safetyhub-com.elogin05.dtwd.wa.gov.au/

Note:

  • Safetyhub videos are unlike other videos as the director and date are not provided. Use the production company name instead.

 

KANOPY

In-Text

(Director Surname, Production Year) OR (Director Surname, Production Year, Time Stamp)

(Scott, 2018) OR (Scott, 2018, 1:10:30)

Note: 

  • If you are quoting from an audiovisual work, include the time stamp for the point where your quotation begins. i.e. hour:minute:second

 

Reference List

Director Surname, Initial/s. (Director). (Production Year). Title [Film]. Site Name. URL

Scott, C. (Director). (2018). Backtrack boys [Film]. Kanopy. https://www.kanopy.com/en/crtafe/video/5624117

Note:

  • The director should be credited as the author. If the director is not known, the name of someone in a similar role can be used instead.

 

In-Text

(Author Surname, Year)

(Khan, 2023)

(TED, 2023)

 

Reference List

Author Surname, Initial/s.  (Year, Month). Title [Video]. TED Talks. URL

TED. (Year, Month Day). Title: Speaker name [Video]. YouTube. URL

 

Khan, S. (2023, April). How AI could save (not destroy) education [Video]. TED Talks. https://www.ted.com/talks/sal_khan_how_ai_could_save_not_destroy_education?

utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare

 

TED. (2023, May 1). How AI could save (not destroy) education: Sal Khan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/hJP5GqnTrNo?si=pPkCZ2lOnTiiqjmU

Note:

  • When the video comes direct from the TED website, use the speakers name as the author.
  • Provide a specific date as possible.
  • When the TED Talk is on YouTube, list the account owner as the author.
  • When the speaker is not listed as the author, include in the title statement.

TV PROGRAM - SINGLE BROADCAST

In-Text

(Executive Producer Surname/s, Broadcast Year) OR (Director Surname/s, Broadcast Year, Time stamp)

(Rofan et al., 2024) OR (Rofan et al., 2024, 1:15:15)

 

Reference List

Executive Producer Surnames, Initial/s. (Role). (Broadcast Date). Program title [Format type]. Broadcaster Name. 

Rofan, S., Younghusband, J. & Franklin, N. (Executive Producers). (2024, June 1). Abba: Against the odds [TV documentary]. ABC TV.

 

TV PROGRAM - SERIES

In-Text

(Executive Producers Surname, Production Year/s)

(Hegudus & Pennebaker, 2009)

 

Reference List

Executive Producers Surname, Initial/s. (Executive Producer). (Year/s of Series). Series title [TV series]. Production Company or Companies.

Hegedus, C. & Pennebaker, D. A. (Executive Producers). (2009). Kings of pastry [TV series]. Pennebaker Hegedus Films; BBC; Vrijzinnig Protestantse Radio Omroep.

Note:

  • The executive producer/s should be entered as the author followed by their role in brackets.
  • For series aired over multiple years, the years should be provided i.e. (2020-2023).
  • If the series is currently on air, replace the second year with the word ‘present‘ i.e. (2020 – present).
  • Provide the production company/companies in the source information. Separate each with a semi-colon.

 

TV PROGRAM - SERIES - SINGLE EPISODE

In-Text

(Writer & Director Surname/s, Broadcast Year) OR (Director Surname, Broadcast Year, Time stamp)

(Ulbrick, 2011) OR (Ulbrick, 2011, 25:30)

 

Reference List

Author Surname, Initial/s. (Role). (Episode Broadcast Date). Episode title (Season number, Episode number) [TV series episode]. In  Executive Producers Initial. Surname (Role), Series title. Production Company or Companies.

Ulbrick, A. (Writer & Director). (2011, February 15) Resilience (Season 2, Episode 1)  ([TV series episode]. In J. Cummins (Executive Producer). Life at five. Heiress Films; Screen

Australia; Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

Note: 

  • Include the writers and directors for the specific episode, followed by their role in brackets.
  • Provide season number and episode numbers after the episode title in parentheses.
  • Only the title of the series is italicised.
  • Provide the production company/companies in the source information. Separate each with a semi-colon.

In-Text

(Author Name, Production Year) OR (Author Name, Production Year, Time Stamp)

(Gallagher, 2009) OR (Gallagher, 2009, 01:14)

Note: 

  • If you are quoting from an audiovisual work, include the time stamp for the point where your quotation begins. i.e. hour:minute:second

 

Reference List

Author Name. [Account Name]. (Uploaded Date). Title [Video]. Site Name. URL

Gallagher, P. [lousywritervideos]. (2009, August 20). APA formatting: How to create a reference list in APA style [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d45FYQgPbNE

 

OWLPurdue. (2012, September 10). Purdue OWL: APA formatting: Reference list basics. [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpAOi8-WUY4

 

Central Regional TAFE. (2023, November 27). Be more: Women in non-traditional trades [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JjJRHihuts

Note:

  • Any livestream that is not archived by its hosting platform and not retrievable elsewhere should be cited as a personal communication.
  • Credit the person or group who uploaded the video as the author.
  • Use both author name and screen name if known. Include the screen name exactly as it appears online in square brackets after the author’s name.
  • If only the screen name is known, use screen name exactly as it appears online only without square brackets.
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