Traditional knowledge or oral histories that are not recorded are considered a non-recoverable source.
To recognise this type of information within text, use the APA format for personal communication and include as much information as possible with the in-text reference to outline the content and contextualise it. An entry in the reference list is not required.
You should include the following information with your in-text reference:
Information on this page has been adapted from the Indigenous Referencing Guidance for Indigenous Knowledges under a CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence
Indigenous authored / co-authored publications that include Country/Language group affiliation (if the information is provided in the source, on title pages, in contributor information, on covers etc.). This information is placed after the authors names regardless of information source.
BOOK
In-Text
(Surname, Nation/Country/Language Group, Year) or Surname (Nation/Country/Language Group) (Year)
(Burgoyne, Mirning; Kokatha, 2000)
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial/s. (Nation/Country/Language Group). (Year). Title. Publisher.
Burgoyne, I. (Mirning; Kokatha). (2000). Mirning: We are the whales. Magabala Books.